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Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms resulting from cardiac structural or functional abnormalities. The chapter discusses various types of HF, including HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options, emphasizing the importance of individualized patient management. The chapter also highlights the role of medications and monitoring strategies in managing acute decompensated heart failure.
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