TB, HIV and Pulmonary co-morbidities 30march2014

Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Department of Medicine

Pulmonary involvement is a frequent presentation in patients with AIDS, with bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis occurring early in HIV infection and opportunistic infections such as PCP, CMV, and MAC appearing at lower CD4 counts. The document outlines the spectrum of respiratory pathogens, diagnostic modalities (ZN stain, Auramine, GeneXpert, imaging), and therapeutic regimens for TB and PCP, including drug side‑effects and dosing. It also addresses extra‑pulmonary TB diagnosis, prophylaxis strategies, and the impact of immunosuppression on disease severity.