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University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and an increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The diagnosis is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia from bone marrow aspirates and biopsies, complemented by additional studies. The document outlines the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) and the new IPSS-M classification, which incorporates genomic data for prognosis. It also details various therapeutic approaches based on risk stratification and patient profiles.
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