HEART FAILURE THERAPY: THE FIFTH CARD

Cardiovascular Department, Pope John XXIII Hospital; Cardiology Unit, Milan Bicocca University

The guidelines have shifted from a sequential approach to a more integrated strategy for initiating and titrating four key drug classes in heart failure management. This includes enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors. The document also highlights recent clinical trials, such as the VICTORIA study, which evaluated the efficacy of vericiguat in reducing cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure. The authors provide insights into the differences between recent trials and previous guidelines, aiming to enhance understanding of heart failure treatment.