A 2025 Update on Mitral Valve Disease – Focusing on Mitral Stenosis: Quantification, Clinical Management, and Guideline Review

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University; Department of Cardiology, Sabah Al Ahmed Cardiac Centre, Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait

The article provides a comprehensive update on mitral valve disease, specifically focusing on mitral stenosis. It discusses the diagnostic and management recommendations from the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology. The review highlights the multimodal approach to managing MS, including various imaging techniques and therapeutic options. It also addresses the consensus and discrepancies between the guidelines regarding medical therapy and surgical interventions.